![]() ![]() The plant may be used by the Ainu in the savory soup called ohaw ( オハウ), or in the ratashkep (rataskep) ( ラタシケプ), described as a type of stew using multiple ingredients, or a dish where ingredients are tossed in animal fat oil. The Ainu traditionally gather the leaves (but not the whole bulb), which are chopped up and dried for future use. Siberian onion comes into season in Hokkaido for foraging from early to mid-May. In the Ainu language it is called pukusa, kitobiru, or ( since "biru/hiru" is a Japanese word for onion-type plants), simply kito. Siberian onion is an important ethnobotanic food plant for the indigenous Ainu people of Japan. Hence it is considered a scarce sansai (wild-harvested vegetable), and commands high prices at the market. Much of its flourishing habitat occurs in nature reserves such as national parks. The Japanese name gyōja ninniku ( ギョウジャニンニク/行者葫) means literally "a (type of) garlic that a gyōja makes use of as food," where a gyōja signifies a monk or a lay person engaged in ascetic training outdoors (cf. One source only mentions that the Jiarongic minority harvest the "tender unfolding leaves" which they sun-dry and serve on special occasions. 'ge onion') or shancong ( Chinese: 山蔥 pinyin: shāncōng Wade–Giles: shan 1-t'ung 1 lit. In China its name is given as gecong ( Chinese: 各蔥( 茖蔥) pinyin: gěcōng Wade–Giles: ko 3-t'ung 1 lit. Specific odor agents include: "methyl allyl disulfide (Chinese chive odor), diallyl disulfide (garlic-like odor), and dimethyl disulfide and methyl allyl trisulfide (pickles-like odor)". Researchers have identified 1-propenyl disulfides and vinyldithiins as odor compounds. It has been sold in the commercial market since 2008 in Nagai, Yamagata. victorialis, and like the garlic chive, is ready for harvest after 1 year. It resembles the garlic chive in outward appearance, but inherits the thick-stalked trait of A. tuberosum (garlic chives) hybrid, which they dubbed gyōjana ( 行者菜). It requires approximately four years from sowing to harvest.Īt Utsunomiya University's Agriculture Department, the research group led by then-assistant professor Nobuaki Fujishige developed an A. Outbreaks of plant disease have been reported in these onion paddy farms. Cultivation įrom around 1990, it has been grown horticulturally in Hokkaido and snowy regions on the eastern side of Honshū. There are colonies on Unalaska Island, but they are thought to be introduced. ochotense is only found natively growing on Attu Island, the westernmost island of the Aleutian archipelago. ![]() The plant's range extends nominally into the United States, but A. The range also includes Korea, in Ulleung Island and the high mountains (over 1,000 metres (3,300 ft)) in the Korean peninsula, including Baekdu Mountain, and Japan ( Hokkaido and Honshu), in colonies from Hokkaido down to the Kinki area ( Nara Prefecture ), in coniferous and mixed forested wetlands in subalpine terrain. In China, the plant grows in Inner Mongolia and China ( Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning), Hebei, Henan, Anhui, Hubei, Zhejiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, and Sichuan). It was presumably named in reference to the Okhotsk region of Russia, a place where this species is known to occur.Īllium ochotense is centered in the Amur River basin area, thus, it occurs in the Amur, Khabarovsk, Primorye regions of Siberia, and into Sakhalin and Kuril Islands within the Russian Far East. The specific epithet, ochotense, was given by Yarosláv Ivánovich Prokhánov (Яросла́в Ива́нович Проха́нов), a Soviet botanist, systematist, geographer, geneticist, Doctor of Biological Science, and professor. allicin content) that is thought more intense than garlic itself.Īllium is the ancient Latin name for garlic. The plant has an intense garlic-like odor (cf. victorialis has two vegetative propagation systems one is tillering and the other is adventitious buds". The plant is slow-growing, and aside from seed-propagation, " A. The leaves are 1–3 glabrous, broadly elliptic. surrounded by a grayish-brown, netlike coating. Description Īllium ochotense grows to 20–30 cm (8–12 in) in height, with a strong garlic-like odor, and has "bulbs. victorialis, but more recent authorities have treated it as a distinct species. ochotense as belonging to the same species as A. variegatum (Nakai ex T.Mori) S.O.Yu, W.T.Lee & S.LeeĪllium ochotense, the Siberian onion, is a primarily East Asian species of wild onion native to northern Japan, Korea, China, and the Russian Far East, as well as on Attu Island in Alaska. ![]()
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